I have cloudberry installed on an EC2 instance. A copy from the instance hard disk to my S3 bucket was going very slow. I found that the path was going over the Internet and not through the VPC Endpoint gateway. This incurs data exit costs as well as well as being much slower. Further investigation showed that the target IP address was not listed as one of AWS public IP address dedicated to S3 but rather one of their other Public IP addresses: This would explain why it was not going through the endpoint gateway. The instance resolves the name of the S3 bucket to one of the public IPs dedicated to S3 so DNS is working fine. I am trying to understand this behaviour and then how to configure cloudberry to use the VPN Endpoint gateway.