Hi,
Had a similar problem with Windows Server 2008 Standard. Had all the right C++ and NET software installed. Still broken. I added autoElevate string with the value xsd:string to the Registry and it worked!

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\SMI\WinSxS Settings\x86_microsoft-windows-settings_31bf3856ad364e35_none_025c648fcaefab55\6.0.6001.18000\Settings]
"autoElevate"="xsd:string"

Hi David,
I have the same problem - I actually have Net 4.5.2 so appear to be ahead there. I am wondering if me attempted to install using windows rdp (the server is 2000 miles away) is the problem?